Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Sunday, October 24, 2010
Apa pendapat anda?
Sistem pendidikan kita ketinggalan
SOKONGAN...jangan ada pandangan skeptikal atau diskriminasi kepada pelajar, bagi yang lemah, masih ada cara untuk membantu asalkan tahu kaedahnya.
TUNJUK KEBOLEHAN...setiap pelajar ada keupayaan tersendiri, justeru kelas mengikut aliran boleh diwujudkan.
Ia melegakan masyarakat yang mahukan pendekatan baru serta telus dalam menilai prestasi pelajar berbanding sistem akademik dan peperiksaan yang dilihat lebih membebankan.
Bagaimanapun, ada yang tidak setuju dan berpendapat sistem peperiksaan masih relevan selain mempersoalkan persediaan pihak terbabit mencorak pembaharuan pendidikan.
Kini, wujud perbahasan, sama ada format baru itu bakal memberi impak dan mampu melonjakkan prestasi ke tahap membanggakan.
Dekan Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Malaya (UM), Prof Dr Saedah Siraj, berkata sudah tiba masanya negara melangkah ke era pendidikan baru lebih fleksibel.
Beliau berkata cita rasa dunia kini berubah dan memerlukan suntikan baru dalam proses penyampaian, penerimaan serta pemahaman maklumat supaya masyarakat lebih bersedia berdepan arus permodenan.
Dekan Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Malaya (UM), Prof Dr Saedah Siraj, berkata sudah tiba masanya negara melangkah ke era pendidikan baru lebih fleksibel.
Beliau berkata cita rasa dunia kini berubah dan memerlukan suntikan baru dalam proses penyampaian, penerimaan serta pemahaman maklumat supaya masyarakat lebih bersedia berdepan arus permodenan.
"Meskipun pendidikan ditakrif sebagai elemen sejagat, perubahan perlu ada sebagai mengimbangi kehendak global yang pantas berubah dan semakin berteraskan kemajuan serta kepelbagaian.
"Pemansuhan itu mencerminkan keberanian dan anjakan paradigma baru dalam sistem pendidikan negara, jangan jadikannya kontroversi atau disalah anggap kerana ia memang diperlukan, " katanya.
Menurutnya, meskipun negara memiliki sistem pendidikan antara terbaik di dunia, ia dianggap ketinggalan kerana menggunakan kaedah peperiksaan sebagai penilaian tahap kecemerlangan pelajar.
"Semua tahu tahap pencapaian setiap pelajar berbeza, tidak boleh dinilai melalui satu sistem semata-mata, malangnya itulah yang diguna pakai sejak sekian lama.
"Ini menyebabkan pelajar bosan dan tertekan, sekali gus mencetuskan insiden tidak dijangka, misalnya bunuh diri hanya kerana gagal dalam peperiksaan. "Sekolah patut jadi tempat menyeronokkan bukan membosankan.
"Justeru apabila kedua-dua peperiksaan itu dimansuhkan, ia wajar mendapat sokongan kerana membantu meringankan 'penderitaan' pelajar," katanya.
Meskipun format baru masih belum diputuskan, ia bagai menamatkan dilema pelajar, institusi sekolah, ibu bapa dan masyarakat yang mahukan kongkongan peperiksaan ditamatkan.
Cadangan format boleh disarankan ialah menyediakan aliran pengajian bersesuaian di tingkatan satu mengikut kehendak dan kapasiti pencapaian pelajar.
Aliran itu, katanya, boleh dijadikan asas menilai dan mencorakkan pencapaian pelajar dalam tempoh lima tahun hingga tamat pengajian tingkatan lima.
"Pelajar boleh memilih aliran diingini berdasarkan minat, kehendak, cita-cita dan diberi kelonggaran tidak terikat dengan kehendak pencapaian akademik semata-mata.
"Ia umpama saringan penilaian sebelum memasuki pengajian tinggi. Kaedah ini boleh mengelak tekanan belajar, sekali gus memudahkan proses penyampaian ilmu," katanya.
Beliau menegaskan konsep pendidikan bukan hanya terhad kepada akademik dan peperiksaan semata-mata, malah boleh menggunakan pendekatan deria seperti mendengar, melihat dan merasa.
"Ramai beranggapan hanya akademik dan peperiksaan penting menentukan kecemerlangan pelajar manakala proses pembelajaran berlangsung di bilik darjah.
"Anggapan itu perlu diperbetulkan kerana ilmu boleh diperoleh menerusi pelbagai cara, bergantung bagaimana guru mengaplikasi kaedah itu supaya boleh diterima dan difahami pelajar.
"Realitinya kebanyakan pelajar negara ini bersifat pasif dan enggan bertanya, dengan pemansuhan, skop pembelajaran lebih luas, sekali gus menggalakkan pengembangan budaya ilmu dengan kaedah bersesuaian," katanya.
Dr Saedah turut mencadangkan pelajar kurang cemerlang dimasukkan ke kelas pemulihan agar dapat memperbaiki kelemahan.
"Dalam sistem pendidikan, pelajar lemah kurang mampu menguasai 3M (membaca, mengira, menulis). Kelemahan ini boleh diatasi dengan kelas pemulihan.
"Sistem sedia ada kurang mempraktikkan S< menyebabkan mereka terus ketinggalan, justeru, aliran kelas berbeza ditambah kelas pemulihan dapat membantu memperbaiki kekurangan itu," katanya.
Sebagai sokongan dan persiapan negara menuju perubahan global, beliau berpendapat sudah tiba masanya kerajaan menubuhkan Pusat Pengembangan Pendidikan Masa Depan yang dapat menyediakan pelbagai hasil kajian.
"Di negara maju, peranan pusat ini diiktiraf membantu pelbagai sektor merangka persediaan masa depan," katanya.
INFO: > UPSR diperkenalkan pada 1988 sebagai ganti kepada peperiksaan Penilaian Darjah Lima yang diperkenalkan sejak 1967 manakala PMR pada 1993 menggantikan Sijil Rendah Pelajaran ( SRP) yang digunakan sejak 1960.
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
SX KA24DE Turbo Engine Build Upnissan
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| SX KA24DE Turbo Engine Build Up nissan |
Total tuning is a philosophy that involves putting parts together that will work well as a whole to net the maximum performance intended. The ultimate goal of our KA24DE build is to yield extreme power yet keep it within a reasonable realm of reliability. With the completion of our long-block assembly, we ensured that we had a strong core for our KA24DE. Next, we will go over the external engine accessories and parts to seal up our motor, preparing for its installation into our donor vehicle.
Since Naoto was going to build a KA24DE project long before we approached him about it, he had already begun making appropriations for an intake and exhaust manifold. By the time we got to our build, the basic construction of both pieces was already done. All that remained was for it to be adjusted for final.
The KA24DE intake manifold is similar in design to its S13 SR20DET brother in that it also has a two-piece design and runner path. After analyzing the overall design of various SR20DET aftermarket surge tanks, Naoto came up with his own design, using a SR20DET surge tank and the factory KA24DE as a base. The surge tank is a five-piece design that's constructed of a 3mm die-pressed aluminum sheet. That means that each sheet is cut to fit, inserted into a die mold, and pressed to shape. Each of the pieces are fitted together like a jigsaw puzzle to give it the overall shape. To promote a smoother, even flow of air, Naoto added velocity stacks at the end of each runner. The entire assembly is welded together after careful fitment.
To flow enough air to hit our power goals we knew a big turbo was in order, but we didn't think that NPD would go with a turbo this big. The weapon of choice is an HKS T51KAI turbo. Our initial reaction was: "No, that is way too big," but after the shock, we realized it made a lot of sense. This turbo is rated to make power in the 800bhp range, a hair over our target of 750 bhp. A heavy-duty turbo needs an equally heavy-duty wastegate to keep up with it. We called on Turbosmart for its new Power-Gate60. Newly released, it's 30 percent lighter, 20 percent smaller, and has 40 percent more flow than its previous Power-Gate50.
The design of the exhaust manifold is pretty straightforward. The key criterion is the same as any high-performance exhaust manifold: be able to adequately flow, be rigid enough to not crack, and be serviceable. The base flange is a 19mm CNC-machined piece designed by NPD. Exhaust moves out of the flange into 42.7mm ID, 3mm thick runners. Each runner meets at a 4-1 merge collector and is finally pushed out through a HKS v-band turbo inlet. Waste pressure is sent through a double-slip fit wastegate outlet tube. The wastegate tube is plumbed right at the base of the merge collector to maximize efficiency. The combination of wall thickness, pipe size, design, and slip fit joints work together to meet all of our criteria.
Monday, October 18, 2010
Toyota (Silver top and Black Top), Which is the best?
Fourth Generation
The fourth-generation 4A-GE engine was produced from 1991 to 1995. It has silver cam covers with chrome lettering, hence the nickname "silver top". This engine yet again features a completely new cylinder head which uses five valves per cylinder instead of four. It uses Toyota Variable Valve Timing ( system on the intake cam, an increased compression ratio (10.5:1), and the intake system was replaced with a short manifold with individual throttles and velocity stacks, however the vane-type was retained, requiring the use of a plenum. The previous 16-valve head used a sharply curved intake port, while the 20-valve engine used a very upright straight port. This engine produces 160 PS (120 kW; 160 hp) at 7400 rpm with 16.5 kg·m (119 ft·lbf) at 5200 rpm of torque.
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| Silver Top 20 Valve 4A-GELU |
Fifth Generation
The fifth-generation 4A-GE engine produced from 1995 to 1998 is the final version of the 4A-GE engine and has black cam covers. This engine is commonly known as the "black top" due to the color of the valve cover, and yet again features an even higher compression ratio (11:1), the air flow sensor is replaced with a MAP sensor, the diameter of the four individual throttle bodies was increased from 42 mm to 45 mm, the exhaust port diameter was increased, the intake cam lift was increased from 7.9 mm to 8.2 mm and the intake ports were significantly improved in shape, contour and also the width at opening at the head was increased. Additionally, the black top had a lighter flywheel, a larger plenum, and revised rubber velocity stacks, and was also offered in 1997 with a six-speed
This revision increased the power to 165 PS (121 kW; 163 hp) at 7800 rpm with 16.5 kg·m (119 ft·lbf) of torque at 5600 rpm. These figures were issued by Toyota and are considered optimistic. It is assumed that Toyota ran the motor without ancillaries to inflate the power ratings, as some companies did before the adoption of the SAE J1349 rating standards in 2005. Still, the 'Blacktop' has become a favorite among enthusiasts and is used as an easy power upgrade for the early Toyota Corolla models, especially for use in the drift scene. Squeezing extra power from such a highly strung N/A engine can be expensive because of the relatively high state of tuning of the stock motor, and most gains come from higher lift cams and engine management.
Mazda Turbo
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Do you know what is VTEC ENGINE?
The VTEC system is a simple method of endowing the engine with multiple camshaft profiles optimized for low and high RPM operations. Instead of one cam lobe actuating each valve, there are two: one optimized for low-RPM stability & fuel efficiency; the other designed to maximize high-RPM power output. Switching between the two cam lobes is controlled by the ECU which takes account of engine oil pressure, engine temperature, vehicle speed, engine speed and throttle position. Using these inputs, the ECU is programmed to switch from the low lift to the high lift cam lobes when the conditions mean that engine output will be improved. At the switch point a solenoid is actuated which allows oil pressure from a spool valve to operate a locking pin which binds the high RPM cam follower to the low RPM ones. From this point on, the poppet valves opens and closes according to the high-lift profile, which opens the valve further and for a longer time. The switch-over point is variable, between a minimum and maximum point, and is determined by engine load. The switch back from high to low RPM cams is set to occur at a lower engine speed than the up-switch to avoid a situation in which the engine is asked to operate continuously at or around the switch-over point.
Introduced as a DOCH system in the 1989 Honda Integra and Civic CRX SiR (Japan) and 1.6i-VT (Europe) models, which used a 160 bhp (120 kW) variant of the B16A engine. The US market saw the first VTEC system with the introduction of the 1991 Acurra NSX, which used a 3 liter DOHC VTEC V6 with 280 bhp (210 kW). DOHC VTEC engines soon appeared in other vehicles, such as the 1992 Acura Integra GS-R (B17A1 1.7 liter engine). And later in the 1992 Honda Prelude VTEC (H22A 2.2 liter engine with 195 hp) and Honda Del Sol VTEC (B16A 1.6 liter engine). The Integra Type R (1997–2001) available in the Japanese market produces 200 bhp (149 kW; 203 PS) using a B18C5 1.8 liter engine. Honda has also continued to develop other varieties and today offers several varieties of VTEC, such as i-VTEC and i-VTEC Hybrid.
SOCH
As popularity and marketing value of the VTEC system grew, Honda applied the system to (Single Over Head Cam) engines, which share a common camshaft for both intake and exhaust valves. The trade-off was that Honda's SOHC engines only benefitted from the VTEC mechanism on the intake valves. This is because VTEC requires a third center rocker arm and cam lobe (for each intake and exhaust side), and in the SOHC engine, the spark plugs are situated between the two exhaust rocker arms, leaving no room for the VTEC rocker arm. Additionally, the center lobe on the camshaft can only be utilized by either the intake or the exhaust, limiting the VTEC feature to one side.
However, beginning with the J37A4 3.7L SOHC V6 engine introduced on all 2009 Acura TL SH-AWD models, SOHC VTEC was incorporated for use with intake and exhaust valves. The intake and exhaust rocker shafts contain primary and secondary intake and exhaust rocker arms, respectively. The primary rocker arm contains the VTEC switching piston, while the secondary rocker arm contains the return spring. The term "primary" does not refer to which rocker arm forces the valve down during low-RPM engine operation. Rather, it refers to the rocker arm which contains the VTEC switching piston and receives oil from the rocker shaft.The primary exhaust rocker arm contacts a low-profile camshaft lobe during low-RPM engine operation. Once VTEC engagement occurs, the oil pressure flowing from the exhaust rocker shaft into the primary exhaust rocker arm forces the VTEC switching piston into the secondary exhaust rocker arm, thus locking both exhaust rocker arms together. The high-profile camshaft lobe which normally contacts the secondary exhaust rocker arm alone during low-RPM engine operation is able to move both exhaust rocker arms together which are locked as a unit.
The secondary intake rocker arm contacts a low-profile camshaft lobe during low-RPM engine operation. Once VTEC engagement occurs, the oil pressure flowing from the intake rocker shaft into the primary intake rocker arm forces the VTEC switching piston into the secondary intake rocker arm, thus locking both intake rocker arms together. The high-profile camshaft lobe which normally contacts the primary intake rocker alone during low-RPM engine operation is able to move both intake rocker arms together which are locked as a unit.The difficulty of incorporating VTEC for both the intake and exhaust valves in a SOHC engine has been removed on the J37A4 by a novel design of the intake rocker arm. Each exhaust valve on the J37A4 corresponds to one primary and one secondary exhaust rocker arm. Therefore, there are a total of twelve primary exhaust rocker arms and twelve secondary exhaust rocker arms.However, each secondary intake rocker arm is shaped similar to a "Y" which allows it to contact two intake valves at once. One primary intake rocker arm corresponds to each secondary intake rocker arm. As a result of this design, there are only six primary intake rocker arms and six secondary intake rocker arms. 170bhp B16A EQUIPPED CIVIC EG6 SIR
A favourite Honda car of mine is the Eg6, Ek9 Type R and the Dc2 Type R. With a race tuned engine, these machines are exceptionally fast in the touge and circuits.And if you notice, all the car that i mention is in the 90’s where they only bother on producing maximum power without even thinking of fuel consumption and emmission.It is the glorious day of car modification.
Eventhough all this vtec engine had been around for more tha 20 years, it is still one of the favourite engines to be worked on. Especially the B16 and the B18 series. So i would like to share as much info as possible on the Vtec B Series engine.
Guru Sudah Jadi Kerani (Harian Metro), Apa pendapat Anda?
BESARNYA cabaran dan tanggungjawab dipikul guru masa kini menimbulkan pertikaian di kalangan masyarakat adakah golongan itu mampu melaksanakan amanah dengan sempurna.
FAHAMI MEREKA...ambillah tahu mengenai kesukaran guru supaya mereka rasa dihargai. 
PENUH DUGAAN...mengajar pelajar sudah cukup mencabar, guru tidak wajar dibebankan lagi dengan tugasan sampingan remeh sebaliknya fokus pada tanggungjawab hakiki.Bukan sekadar mendidik, pelbagai tuntutan kerjaya tidak sepatutnya kini mereka galas menjadikan tumpuan terhadap proses penjanaan dan pembelajaran ilmu terjejas.
Lebih menyedihkan, golongan itu turut menjadi sasaran kecaman masyarakat jika gagal melahirkan pelajar cemerlang akademik dan sahsiah diri menyebabkan guru semakin terdesak serta tertekan.
Apakah benar peranan guru sebagai sumber pemangkin ilmu semakin terhakis sebaliknya menjadi golongan itu diperkotak katikkan hingga mereka dalam dilema. Pengerusi Kesatuan Kebangsaan Guru-Guru Lepasan Maktab Semenanjung Malaysia Cawangan Kedah, Anuar Husin, berkata golongan guru hari ini bukan sekadar memegang tanggungjawab sebagai pendidik malah anggota masyarakat secara keseluruhan.
Menurutnya, cabaran utama bukan lagi menyalurkan ilmu kepada pelajar sebaliknya turut mendidik masyarakat melalui peranan di luar waktu persekolahan sekali gus memberi bebanan dalam melaksanakan tumpuan dan tanggungjawab sebenar.
"Dalam perguruan, tugas hakiki adalah mengajar, malangnya guru masa kini dilambakkan dengan pelbagai tanggungjawab sukar dan mencabar. Mereka bukan sekadar guru tapi turut mendidik masyarakat secara keseluruhan.
"Malangnya masyarakat bersikap sambil lewa dan enggan bersama memikul tanggungjawab mendidik menyebabkan mereka semakin tertekan. Guru juga dihimpunkan pelbagai tugasan tidak sepatutnya seperti perkeranian.
"Justeru, bagaimana mahu menumpukan perhatian pada tugasan? Masyarakat hanya tahu memberi tekanan tapi enggan membantu," katanya.
Bukan isu baru guru terpaksa memikul pelbagai tanggungjawab remeh yang menuntut pengorbanan masa, antaranya mengurus dan mengemaskini sistem maklumat pelajar (Emis), sistem salah laku, pendaftaran, yuran, mengurus kumpulan wang amanah pelajar miskin (KWAPM), rancangan makanan dan susu tambahan.
Memburukkan keadaan, mereka terpaksa berhempas pulas menghabiskan sukatan pengajaran kerana dihantar berkursus selain pembelajaran tergendala.
Mengulasnya, Anuar berkata waktu persekolahan padat serta pelbagai perancangan dibuat menjadikan waktu guru semakin terhad hingga menyukarkan proses pembelajaran berjalan lancar.
"Sungguhpun tugasan sampingan tidak sukar, banyak waktu terbuang. Guru sering merungut kerana terlalu terikat dengan pelbagai tuntutan menyebabkan proses pembelajaran tergendala.
"Ia bukan remeh dan perlu diberi perhatian kerana bersangkut paut pencapaian pelajar masa depan. Guru sentiasa dipersalahkan jika pelajar gagal.
"Masyarakat pula mahukan kecemerlangan tapi enggan memahami. Apabila guru gagal menyempurnakannya, bukankah akan menimbulkan konflik? "Tindakan segera perlu diambil kerana bimbang akan menjejaskan mutu pendidikan keseluruhannya," katanya sambil meminta pihak berkenaan mencari penyelesaian terbaik bagi mengatasi kemelut itu.
Ditanya adakah rungutan itu disebabkan guru sudah lama dalam zon selesa, beliau berkata golongan itu boleh menerima perubahan namun perlu ada batasan dan mekanisme tertentu bagi menanganinya.
"Guru boleh menerima perubahan malah sedar tanggungjawab dipikul semakin berat tapi perlu ada tolak ansur. Mereka juga ada tanggungjawab lain perlu dipenuhi seperti keluarga.
"Masyarakat juga harus memberi sokongan dan bersama menggembleng tanggungjawab. Jangan lepaskan sepenuhnya pada guru kerana tidak adil," katanya.
Bagi mengatasi kemelut itu, beliau mencadangkan penyusunan semula tugas pekeranian sedia ada hingga tidak mengganggu tugas hakiki guru selain menambah lagi pembantu guru bertaraf kerani.
Bilangan pelajar turut perlu dikurangkan supaya guru tidak terbeban dalam mengemaskini data peribadi selain menerapkan peranan alumni untuk memberi pembelajaran berbeza berdasarkan pengalaman pekerjaan.
"Konflik perlu diatasi secara berhemah supaya semua pihak mendapat manfaatnya. Penyelesaian bukan sekadar jangka pendek tapi berpanjangan demi kebaikan generasi seterusnya.
"Menjadi guru bukan mudah namun kerjaya itu sangat mulia, perlu berlapang dada menerima apa jua cabaran manakala masyarakat juga jangan bersikap lepas tangan.
"Proses penjanaan ilmu tidak akan terhenti, justeru pelbagai pihak perlu mencari penyelesaian supaya konflik sedia ada dapat diatasi," katanya.
FAHAMI MEREKA...ambillah tahu mengenai kesukaran guru supaya mereka rasa dihargai.
PENUH DUGAAN...mengajar pelajar sudah cukup mencabar, guru tidak wajar dibebankan lagi dengan tugasan sampingan remeh sebaliknya fokus pada tanggungjawab hakiki.
Lebih menyedihkan, golongan itu turut menjadi sasaran kecaman masyarakat jika gagal melahirkan pelajar cemerlang akademik dan sahsiah diri menyebabkan guru semakin terdesak serta tertekan.
Apakah benar peranan guru sebagai sumber pemangkin ilmu semakin terhakis sebaliknya menjadi golongan itu diperkotak katikkan hingga mereka dalam dilema. Pengerusi Kesatuan Kebangsaan Guru-Guru Lepasan Maktab Semenanjung Malaysia Cawangan Kedah, Anuar Husin, berkata golongan guru hari ini bukan sekadar memegang tanggungjawab sebagai pendidik malah anggota masyarakat secara keseluruhan.
Menurutnya, cabaran utama bukan lagi menyalurkan ilmu kepada pelajar sebaliknya turut mendidik masyarakat melalui peranan di luar waktu persekolahan sekali gus memberi bebanan dalam melaksanakan tumpuan dan tanggungjawab sebenar.
"Dalam perguruan, tugas hakiki adalah mengajar, malangnya guru masa kini dilambakkan dengan pelbagai tanggungjawab sukar dan mencabar. Mereka bukan sekadar guru tapi turut mendidik masyarakat secara keseluruhan.
"Malangnya masyarakat bersikap sambil lewa dan enggan bersama memikul tanggungjawab mendidik menyebabkan mereka semakin tertekan. Guru juga dihimpunkan pelbagai tugasan tidak sepatutnya seperti perkeranian.
"Justeru, bagaimana mahu menumpukan perhatian pada tugasan? Masyarakat hanya tahu memberi tekanan tapi enggan membantu," katanya.
Bukan isu baru guru terpaksa memikul pelbagai tanggungjawab remeh yang menuntut pengorbanan masa, antaranya mengurus dan mengemaskini sistem maklumat pelajar (Emis), sistem salah laku, pendaftaran, yuran, mengurus kumpulan wang amanah pelajar miskin (KWAPM), rancangan makanan dan susu tambahan.
Memburukkan keadaan, mereka terpaksa berhempas pulas menghabiskan sukatan pengajaran kerana dihantar berkursus selain pembelajaran tergendala.
Mengulasnya, Anuar berkata waktu persekolahan padat serta pelbagai perancangan dibuat menjadikan waktu guru semakin terhad hingga menyukarkan proses pembelajaran berjalan lancar.
"Sungguhpun tugasan sampingan tidak sukar, banyak waktu terbuang. Guru sering merungut kerana terlalu terikat dengan pelbagai tuntutan menyebabkan proses pembelajaran tergendala.
"Ia bukan remeh dan perlu diberi perhatian kerana bersangkut paut pencapaian pelajar masa depan. Guru sentiasa dipersalahkan jika pelajar gagal.
"Masyarakat pula mahukan kecemerlangan tapi enggan memahami. Apabila guru gagal menyempurnakannya, bukankah akan menimbulkan konflik? "Tindakan segera perlu diambil kerana bimbang akan menjejaskan mutu pendidikan keseluruhannya," katanya sambil meminta pihak berkenaan mencari penyelesaian terbaik bagi mengatasi kemelut itu.
Ditanya adakah rungutan itu disebabkan guru sudah lama dalam zon selesa, beliau berkata golongan itu boleh menerima perubahan namun perlu ada batasan dan mekanisme tertentu bagi menanganinya.
"Guru boleh menerima perubahan malah sedar tanggungjawab dipikul semakin berat tapi perlu ada tolak ansur. Mereka juga ada tanggungjawab lain perlu dipenuhi seperti keluarga.
"Masyarakat juga harus memberi sokongan dan bersama menggembleng tanggungjawab. Jangan lepaskan sepenuhnya pada guru kerana tidak adil," katanya.
Bagi mengatasi kemelut itu, beliau mencadangkan penyusunan semula tugas pekeranian sedia ada hingga tidak mengganggu tugas hakiki guru selain menambah lagi pembantu guru bertaraf kerani.
Bilangan pelajar turut perlu dikurangkan supaya guru tidak terbeban dalam mengemaskini data peribadi selain menerapkan peranan alumni untuk memberi pembelajaran berbeza berdasarkan pengalaman pekerjaan.
"Konflik perlu diatasi secara berhemah supaya semua pihak mendapat manfaatnya. Penyelesaian bukan sekadar jangka pendek tapi berpanjangan demi kebaikan generasi seterusnya.
"Menjadi guru bukan mudah namun kerjaya itu sangat mulia, perlu berlapang dada menerima apa jua cabaran manakala masyarakat juga jangan bersikap lepas tangan.
"Proses penjanaan ilmu tidak akan terhenti, justeru pelbagai pihak perlu mencari penyelesaian supaya konflik sedia ada dapat diatasi," katanya.
Wednesday, September 29, 2010
HOW TO CAPTURE GOOD PICTURE? Dreamstime criteria. Look easy but difficult.
| Reasons for refusals |
| Many of our community members have found it difficult to accurately comprehend the reasons for refusal when they received the rejection notification and wondered what to do in order to comply with the Dreamstime criteria. Given our wish to prevent further disappointment and frustration for our photographers and illustrators due to refusals, here is a brief, but hopefully useful set of specific and often encountered reasons backed by images. These are mostly technical reasons. Along with them, don't forget to keep in mind: - always submit a model release if your image includes people - assign as editorial images that are newsworthy or have stock value but include unremovable logos (i.e. Times Square in New York) - avoid submitting images without stock value. Read various sections of the site and browse its database to see what subjects sell, composition hints, lighting, etc. Remember you are supposed to make photos not just take them! - don't submit images of very common subjects such as flowers or still life, until you made a proper research of the database AND are able to submit better quality than the popular images on the same subject - be very selective, avoid submitting too many similar images; this will help you sell at a higher price, avoiding download dillution; you can submit more similars later, whenever a subject becomes popular. |
Distorted pixels - Lens problems  |
Distorted pixels - Lens fringing |
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Noise In order to avoid any misinterpretation of an image as "interpolated", scanning the image at the best optical resolution is the best solution.  | . |
Low light One other major reason is the noise, mostly related to high iso, underexposure, long exposures (especially at high iso, restricted) and over-processing  |
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Poor lighting While still on the lighting issue, the most common problem when shooting objects and still lifes is the poor light setting.  |
White Balance  |
Out of Focus
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Lack of composition A major factor in producing a good image, regardless of media, is the composition. It involves or points out, if not entirely create the message. Composition is also closely related to concept.  |
Over filtered One of the most important steps in image creation is, of course, the postprocessing. Poor background removal and overfiltering are the most frequent problems that eventually disqualify an image. Proficient knowledge of Photoshop, for example, is not in everyone's reach, and most users tend to make an image look striking on a thumbnail size, but when an editor opens the file at 100% and sees all sorts of distortions, excesses, etc., the image is refused for noise, pixel distortion or overfiltering, although it had, as a raw file, great sales potential.  |
Poor background removal  |
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